手机端
我要投稿
收藏【www.1467.com.cn - 研究生宿舍申请书】
随着人们的生活物质水平不断提高，咱们时不时会写一些实用文书，实用文书的格式一般都会有固定的要求，实用类文书要写哪些内容呢？为了帮助大家，下面是由小编为大家整理的研究生外国留学申请书【精选】，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
研究生外国留学申请书
Dear _,
The desire to know more about the nature has motivated me to step into the broad world of science. I have cultivated my great interest in physics, chemistry, biology and a lot of related fields since I was very young. I was armed with strong foundation in physics due to my three years’ time in Tianjin Nankai High School, (one of the most famous high schools in China).
In the September of 2000, I entered University of Science and Technology of China and became a member of physics department since then. New environment always brings unexpected difficulties, and great effort has given by me to get adapt to the new life. During the period of hard trying, both my knowledge and my maturity have remarkably grown and I finally got rank above 12 % of 140, with overall GPA 3.5/4.0, and major GPA 3.8/4.0. My hard working finally earned me the Outstanding Student Scholarship in 2003.
Besides enhancement of knowledge in physics, I have also accumulated a great deal of knowledge in chemistry and material science. I have got 95/100 in “The Structure and Properties in Solid and Solid State Chemistry” and 87/100 in “Solid State Optics and Spectroscopy”, among the top scores in class. Moreover, I have made effort to improve my ability in mathematics and computer science cautiously.(附加的段)
My two years’ research in Structure Research Laboratory of USTC has brought me to a more extensive and practical field of physics. Served as an undergraduate research assistant in Professor Xianhui Chen’s group, I have devoted most of my time to the research and my knowledge in condensed matter physics and its related fields have greatly increased. I have obtained all the basic experimental skills in a very short time and in order to keep with the pace of the latest achievement in my research field, I have spent a large amount of time in reading related journals, such as Appl. Phys. Lett., J. Appl. Phys., Phys. Rev. B, Phys. Rev. Lett., J. Solid State Chem. and so on.
At the beginning of 2003, I began my systematical work in exploring the growing method and transport property investigations in hole-doped single crystal BSLCO (Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO4+y) series and electron-doped NCCO (Nd2-xCexCuO4-y) series. My work was focused on the single crystal preparation and physical property measurement, especially the transport property and magnetic properties. After so many times of attempt in the melting range and descending speed, I successfully grew a great deal of single crystals with high quality. Moreover, I have spent so many days and nights together with my colleagues in lab measuring the resistance of the single crystals under zero field and high field. Due to the high quality of the crystals and our hard work, we finally obtained plenty of meaningful data and by analyzing the normal state property, I have submitted a paper titled “Field-induced log (1/T) diverging resistivity deviation from normal state in superconducting cuprates” to Phys. Rev. Lett. in 2003 as the third author. However, my work was not stopped and with further investigation in the 2D weak localization system, I have submitted another paper to Europhys. Lett. in October 2003 as a co-author.
Besides, through the work, I obtained almost all the skills of manipulation of the corresponding instruments from physical preparation to characterization, such as M.Braum Glove-Box system (Germany), MORRIS High Pressure system (Berkeley), Rietveld and Lebail Refinement of crystal structure from XRD pattern, 17 T Ultra-High Magnetic Field system (Oxford Science), AC Assistance Bridge (Liner Research Inc.) sputtering and so on. What’s more, I can skillfully use software, (GSAS, FullProf, CELL PCPDFWIN and etc), to analyze the structure of the material through X-ray diffraction data.
Beyond the achievement in research, the happiness I gained from the cooperation with others and the approach of the physics science was greater. Times of failure make me believe that the persistence is the only thing to make people gain their goals and the research work needs active and creative thinking. I often have discussion with other members in my group not only on the current encountered problem but also on the some new ideas for research. During the weekly group meeting, we often exchanged our views on our current research project and I have learned a lot through this communication.
Meanwhile, I never give up searching for more extensive and challenging field. Actually, some of my present work is from my own idea. Known the misfit layer of CoO2, I have grown some single crystals of highly efficient thermoelectric materials, such as Bi2Sr2Co2O, Bi2Sr2CoO6+y, Ca3Co4O9....... In order to find the relationship between the misfit structure of CoO2 layer and the high thermoelectricity, magneto-resistance and magneto-power, I have investigated the low-temperature transport, thermal and magnetic properties. By reading a number of related papers, I plan to take further investigation of these materials through their thermoelectric potential and other related measurements.
With great interest in nano science, I have paid extra attention to the update technique in synthesizing the nanowires and nanoparticles. Both from the corresponding books in this field and experience of the PhD students in my group, I grasped a number of methods, such as micro-emulsion, hydrothermal method, sol-gel and other soft chemical ways to synthesize the nano scale materials. Under the available condition, I am synthesizing the nano scale superconducting material YBCO and nanowires of magnetic materials, such as La0.5Ba0.5MnO3.
More and more do I realize the importance of collaboration, during my exploring of the novel polycrystalline Co1212 and Fe1212. The samples were reported by some group to be superconducting only if it is annealed under the extreme pressure. I have measured the transport property of the crystals and observed some abnormal phase transition of superconductivity. However, because of the limitation of experimental condition, our samples cannot become superconducting. In order to solve the problem, we cooperated with Institute of Physics of China Academic Science to obtain the extreme pressure. Two papers of my work on Co1212 have been submitted to the international journals late this year, and I was the second author. In this case, I realized the cooperation within and without a group is equally important, and sometimes accomplishment is gained under several groups of people. We also have done some work in YBCO thin film transport property, collaborated with professor C. L. Chen of Superconducting Center Texas, U.S.A.
In addition, I have also attended some of other sub-group’s research project, such as using sol-gel method to grow Ru1212, NaCoO2 transport property investigation and colossal magneto resistance materials preparation. What’s more, I have also attended the 7th National Superconductivity Conference and National Annual Conference of Physics in 2003. My ken was greatly enlarged by hearing the report of the attendance and my confidence in my research was increased at the same time.
Research interest and future plan
Material of science and engineering is concerned with the study of structure, properties and applications of materials. During my two years’ research in Structure Research Laboratory, I have accumulated plenty of knowledge in the related area of material science, and meanwhile my ability in doing research is greatly proved. In the past work, I have done quite a lot in synthesis as well as characterization, and I have also deal with different classes of materials, such as electronic, magnetic, superconducting and so on. I believe, aimed with strong foundation of physics, the appropriate area for me to take research work will be more extensive.
The area of interest is just as following:
1. I have read a lot of corresponding papers in magnetic recording research, and I have great interest in this kind of materials. I believe research in this area is important both for basic studies of the effects of dimensionality and interactions, and for the future of magnetic recording. Hence, I wish to do some work in synthesis and processing of this kind of materials.
2. Because nano materials, such as carbon nanotubes, nano particles, quantum dots, nano-porous structures, and nano-electronics device materials, are the essential part of the current and future nano-based technologies. I hope very much to continue my future research work in this area.
3. Moreover, I am also interested in the structural material, such as advanced engineering materials, which characters may be changed responding to the different mechanic condition. So I think I also hope to do the related research in analysis of materials property.
My future plan is to pursue my PhD degree in material science and engineering. In fact, though the technology is developing at a tremendous speed, there is still a lot of progress remaining to be made. For instance, nanoscale devices, either assembled lithographically or chemically, will have a high probability of failure. Therefore, any architecture built from large numbers of nano scale devices will necessarily contain a large number of defects, which fluctuate on time scales comparable to the computation cycle. Furthermore, deeper insight should be given into the constraints imposed by nano-devices, especially carbon nanotube-based devices, by modeling the devices and corresponding architectures. Such a framework can contribute towards building more powerful nano-probes, nano-computer and efficient power fuel-cells.
Why I Choose UCSD
UCSD is world famous for its outstanding faculty and reputation. Though the economic condition in California is not so satisfying at the moment, I believe it will not impede the future development of UCSD.
The Materials Science and Engineering Program at UCSD aims to provide fundamental knowledge for understanding of materials with the objective of predicting, modifying, and tailoring the properties of materials to yield, at the technology level, enhanced material performance. Also, I was greatly impressed by the great collaboration of different departments, which makes the Materials Science department more competitive and attractive. With so many outstanding professors and so broad research areas, I was convinced that the Material Science and Engineering Department is always the best choice for me to pursue my PhD degree.
Yours sincerely,
出国留学读研究生需要哪些条件
答：一、美国读研条件
雅思or托福
通常，申请美国研究生需要托福79/80分以上或者是同等雅思成绩，要求一般TOEFL 100分，雅思7。
大学成绩单
大学的在校成绩/GPA是审核过程中，比较关键的一个硬件，尤其对于在校生或者刚毕业不超过1-2年的申请者来说。
GMAT or GRE
美国研究生申请所需要的标准化考试成绩有GRE考试/GMAT考试。一般来说理工科专业要求GRE成绩，商科专业要求GMAT成绩。建议申请者尽早确定想就读的专业方向，才好决定到底是考GRE还是GMAT。
推荐信
美国的大学对于撰写推荐信的老师都有一定的要求，例如会规定学生必须寻找主要科目老师撰写推荐信。在寻找老师时，除了要符合学校要求之外，还应该尽量寻找对自己十分了解的老师，这样的推荐信才会更有说服力。
二、英国读研条件
语言要求
国际学生申请英国留学硕士需满足相关课程的语言要求，一般比较常见的就是雅思和托福;申请英国留学本科和硕士学位课程通常都要求雅思至少达到6.0分且单项不低于5.5分，百强院校的硕士课程通常要求雅思6.5分;如果申请预科课程则要求稍低一些，一般5.0分或5.5分即可。
学术要求
1、申请英国硕士通常要求取得英国大学二等荣誉学士学位，对于QS排名前百的院校基本都要求2：1荣誉学士学位。
2、对于中国的本科毕业生，申请英国留学读研通常需取得认可大学的四年制学士学位且均分达到75%及以上，对于QS前百院校基本都要求均分达到80%及以上;另外不同专业、不同院校背景的均分要求也会有所不同。
3、部分学校开设了硕士预科课程，对于不满足直接入学要求的学生而言也是非常不错的桥梁课程，读完硕士预科之后再升读硕士学位课程。
材料要求
留学英国需要提供的申请材料有在读证明或毕业证学位证、加盖公章的中英文成绩单、个人陈述、2-3封推荐信、雅思或托福语言成绩单、申请表，另外根据专业要求可能还需要提供实习证明、工作经验证明、作品集、GMAT成绩等等。
三、加拿大读研条件
1、必须拥有学士学位
2、托福、雅思
通常情况下，加拿大研究生录取对于语言的最低要求是托福80分以上或者雅思6.5以上，其中写作也要求至少4.0或6.0，好的加拿大大学还会有更高的要求。
3、GPA成绩
GPA也就是大学成绩的平均分，有的加拿大大学也以美制分数(即满分4.0)来表示。申请加拿大研究生留学的最低录取标准为75分(百分制)或者3.0以上。一般加拿大大学对于大学平均分都会要求在80%以上，而更好一点的加拿大大学还会在此基础上要求后两年的专业课成绩要在85%以上。
4、GRE、GMAT
虽然很多加拿大大学的理工科研究生项目不要求GRE成绩或只是“建议有GRE成绩”，但如果申请人具备良好的GRE或GMAT成绩是体现其竞争性的一个方面，有可能优先被考虑录取。通常对于这些成绩的要求是：GMAT需要550-600以上，GRE需要300以上。
四、澳洲读研要求
学历条件
要求获得学校认可的学士学位或同等学历，部分课程要求获得认可的荣誉学士学位。
语言条件
雅思最低要达到6.5、单项不低于6.0，部分专业语言要求更高，比如教育、医学、法律、翻译等，通常雅思要求达到7.0，甚至7.5。语言不达标的同学可以选择先读语言课程，不过要注意时间安排不要与主课冲突，否则就要延期主课了。
背景条件
澳洲高校对中国学生的院校背景有一个基本判定，即“C9、985、211”院校毕业生属于背景较好的申请学生，而双非院校会相对劣势一些。学生院校背景不同，录取要求也会有所不同，比如澳洲八大要求211/985院校学生均分达到75及以上，双非院校学生均分则需要达到80-85。
专业条件
申请澳洲研究生要比本科的限制多一些，因为很多研究生课程都要求专业对口，比如工科、理科、金融、护理等领域。但是也有部分专业无需专业背景，比如文科硕士，包括翻译、教育、传媒等专业。
其他条件
1、工作、面试：澳洲高校部分专业的研究生课程有工作经验要求，比如商科或管理类的硕士大多需要提供全职工作证明，部分课程如艺术、EMBA可能还需要面试。
2、文书、作品：申请澳洲硕士需要提供导师推荐信、论文及职业资格证书等，建筑、设计等专业还需要提供作品集。
奥地利留学签证申请攻略
一、签证类型
针对学习语言的学生，有专门的语言生签证，它属于短期签证，时间有自己确定，一般不会超过一年，而且申请的难度也不大，基本上只要出示学校的录取通知即可。
针对准留学生，则是专门的留学生签证，及我们常说的留学签证，时间统一为一年，到期需要进行续签，续签很简单，但是初次办理审核很严格，需要进行各个方面的准备。
二、申请材料
首先是申请的准备，包括申请表和证件照，前者需要大家登陆使馆的，找到相应的表格下载下来，然后按照要求填写，使用英语;后者有严格的规格要求，白底彩色，35x45mm。
然后是学术材料，最重要的就是大家得录取通知书，还有语言考试成绩单，这两大类需要大家进行复印并且接受公证，然后才能递交。
最后是身份材料，护照需要准备原件，个人的存款证明和体检报告，还有住宿证明和缴费清单，这些准备复印件即可，要真实有效。
三、办理流程
大家在下载申请表之前，需要先进行签证的预约，即越好递交材料的时间和地点，目前国内不仅仅只有一个四千点，大家就近选择即可，一定要确定好时间。
然后按照约定好的时间前往，递交自己准备好的材料，等待初步审核，再缴纳手续费，并且将个人信息进行录入，然后就可以回家等待结果了。
手续费是120欧，需要大家当场缴纳，缴费成功后才会获取收据，这份收据是大家领取签证的凭证，一定要保管好。
1467.Com.cN精选阅读
德国研究生留学申请书【通用】
德国研究生留学申请书
Dear _,
There are a great deal of media and communication courses available, but a degree in public relations is something I could thrive on. I believe my established communication skills and enthusiasm for dealing with other people would provide a solid foundation for which to further develop those skills incorporated into this course. I relish the idea of a career working with the public, based on critical thinking and strategic planning, thus justifying my application for this course. My interest in current affairs has stemmed from the A Level politics course I am studying, which engrossed my from day one. Critical analysis and presentation of information plays an integral part of this subject, and consequently these skills I have gained from this would prove to be a valuable stepping stone into public relations.
My interest in media and communications was fueled by a previous passion to study journalism. Work experience in a local newspaper office and at a German regional newspaper office provoked a desire to learn more about where our information was coming from and who wrote the press releases that we based our front page articles on. Consequently, I carried out additional work experience in a PR consultancy, whilst on a German exchange, and I am currently waiting from several consultancies in my area that I recently applied to.
Since year 10, I have been an active member of my schools web team and have had various articles published relating to subject departments and school trips I have been on, such as the history-based trip to Eastern Europe. My spare time involves reading books from contemporary authors (John Simpson, Michael Moore etc) as well as more ''classic'' books, such as Catcher in the Rye, To Kill a Mockingbird and Animal Farm. I enjoy many aspects of music. I have recently started to teach myself to play the flute and I regularly attend various music concerts.
At the weekend, I work for HMV (who I have enquired to about a summer placement at their in-house PR office), which I thoroughly enjoy due to the creative environment and strong emphasis on customer service. I have had part time jobs for the last three years, thus allowing me to not only manage my time efficiently, but to develop various skills in communication with the public and my ability to work in a team.
Evidently, my studies and interests to skills like teamwork, communication and multi-tasking that I would develop in a public relations degree, hopefully giving merit to my application for this course.
Yours sincerely,
德国研究生留学条件和费用
一、德国研究生留学条件
1、学术
申请到德国读研究生课程的中国学生需要在国内的高校学完4年的本科课程或者是5年的本科课程，并且还需要获得学位证书。如果是中国的211学校4年本科或者是5奶奶本科毕业但是没有获得学位证书的同学，不管是申请德国的什么专业都是可以的，但是能不能被录取还是由德国的学校来决定。对于专科毕业的学生是不能申请读德国的研究生课程的。德国学校的研究生盛情需要学生在本科时期的GPA，德国的有些研究生的专业的名额是有限的，如果你想去申请这些竞争力很大的专业的话，你要保证你本科的GPA的分数足够高，德国学校的研究生专业要求学生本科的GPA要考到2.5分以上，有很多的研究生专业只需要你本科的GPA在2.0分以上。
2、语言
申请读德国的研究生课程如果申请的是德语教学的课程的话，学生需要在入学之前学习德语的时间要超过800个小时，德国也有的学校要求学生在入学的时候参加DSH的考试，或者是提供其他有效的德语考试的证书也是可以的。如果是申请读德国学校用英语来教学的研究生课程，需要学生提供TOEFL或者IELTS的考试分数，德国学校的研究生课程对学生的TOEFL的要求是分数在550分以上，对学生的IELTS的分数要求是在6.0分以上，如果是申请读的是文科专业的学生IELTS的分数要在6.5分以上。
3、入学考试
现在德国有很多的大学要求申请读研究生的学生参加考试，这个考试是考核学生是不是具有学习研究生课程的能力，有的德国的学校会要求机会很大的学生参加学校的面试，面试的时间大概是30分钟，面试官会考察学生的专业知识和来德国读研究生的动机是什么，有的考官还会问到学生的职业目标是什么，所以在面试之前可以把类问题的回答好好想想。
二、德国研究生留学费用
1、学费
1)德国的大学有两种，普通家庭一般会选择公立大学，不用支付学费，只需缴纳少量的注册费，基本为?50-200。
2)私立的稍微要贵些，不仅要收学费，还收取高昂的注册费。
总的来说，上公立的能获得较多资助，申请奖学金的机会更多一些。
2、住宿费
1)德国也有不同消费水平的城市，就像我们国家，分为一线、二线、三线以及更多，各个地区的住宿费用会有差距。
2)就大多数学生而言，平均支付租金在?350左右。
3)德国经济水平发展不错的有法兰克福、慕尼黑等，在这些城市上学的同学们，一定要注意控制自己的消费支出，提前主动申请学生宿舍，不然，只能在附近租房，成本会高很多。
4)如果学校位于中小城市，房租基本在?50-100，可以考虑和同学或朋友合租，亲自去看一下房子有没有问题，检查门窗的牢固性，空调、热水器能否正常运转，询问房东包不包水费、冬天取暖费和物业费、网费或者宽带费。所有的细节要反复检查，把这些琐碎的问题都弄清楚后再与房东签订合同。不要头脑发热，房子都没看，就随意签协议，到时候后悔就来不及了。
3、交通费
1)公交是最主要的出行工具。设施都很完善，公交枢纽中心有各种公交卡出售，有的打五折、有的八折优惠。需要经常出去游玩或者打工的同学，可以办多张。
2)注册成为研究生后，可以体验到本地区优惠，即大学周边公交费免收。
3)远途距离时，可以凭借学生证乘坐火车，获取相应票价福利。周末、晚上的价格会比平时、白天的微微下调。
4)团体购票时，也能享受到低价优惠。
4、饮食费
如果去学校餐厅吃的花，每月每人?100足够了。
德国留学住宿方式
一、学生宿舍
高校是会为学生提供宿舍的，但是近几年来德国的留学生数量越来越多，供应赶不上需求，所以大家要想顺利入住的话，必须要在确认了录取之后，尽快去进行登记申请。
目前提供给学生的选择，一般是双人间，可以有效地节省空间并且给予一个比较舒适的环境，独卫独浴是基本的配置，卧室内会有床和书桌以及衣柜，月租在300欧左右。
二、合作公寓
为了缓解校内住宿的压力，大部分学校还会和周边的公寓进行合作，为学生提供一个比较舒适的环境，可选择房型也会比较多，针对预算不同的学生进行设置，单间、双人、多人间都有。
不管房子的大小如何，都是会配有卫浴和厨房，可以满足大家日常生活和做饭的需求，一般合租会比单独住要便宜，而且通过学校申请也会更加有保障一些，租金一个月需要300-500欧。
三、私人住房
想自己找房子的话，则需要选择靠谱的方式，而且自己要有进行筛选和甄别，可以通过中介或者自己去studenten-wg、studenten-wohnung、easywg、wg-gesucht、mitwohnzentrale、homecompany筛选。
这种方式租房要求大家再确认之前，对房子进行认真的检查，并且要和房东签好受保障的合同，方便后续进行维权，一般来说合约是一年起签的，租金也提前约定好。
四、寄宿家庭
还有少部分的学生，会选择以寄宿的形式的形式住在本地的家庭内，这样可以让大家更好的对德国的习俗有亲密的了解，还可以在家庭成员的帮助下，适应本地的生活。
一般申请需要通过官方的平台进行，大家可以先列出自己的需求，会为你进行筛选和推荐，然后大家可以直接和寄宿家庭进行沟通，服务会从大家入境开始，直接结束寄宿。
2022研究生留学申请书【精选】
20xx研究生留学申请书
Dear _,
Finance is the lifeline of modern economy and if there is no finance globalization, there is no economy globalization. Finance globalization promoted to enlarge international finance market; multinational trade species and the scale, to make finance innovative appeared, strengthen international capital function and to play an important role on the resource distribution in the world. With the communication among nations increase and the technology information development, the development of finance tends to globalization. Finance globalization is the motor of economy globalization, finance and economy was one of the important factors for holding for the whole world, information, technology and other industry were developed on the base of finance and economy.
The economy strength of a nation decided its place in the world. In the future, the world finance market would present themselves with different styles; non-essential economy began to play an important role in the world, the development of information industry made finance market develop more quickly. Moreover, finance influenced largely on the daily life of common people and made common people more concern the development tendency of finance then before and made out the relevant reaction according to getting information from all aspects, for example, the change of inflation, stock and exchange rate etc. All that influenced common peoples (people’s) lives and economical programs.
I began to realize that finance in fact was the different (difference) between microcosmic and microeconomic and macroeconomic knowledge through my learning in the university, and it owned strong practice and was not abstract knowledge. For instance, currency banking, investment and international finance etc. all offered many cases and made me realize the meaning of finance. Then I knew that finance covered a wider scope and researcher needed strong academic background and ability on macro-control by practices and analysis of cases. For example, I acted as a leader of group, each group represents an enterprise and discussed whether open new produces instead of old produces, I told every member to answer for a part and consult materials, then we talked about them together and found some materials had superposition and didn’t have close logic, even each member had different emphasis and expressions which made me know cooperation was very important in a enterprise. So I held the second meeting to talk about these questions. I asked all members to look for materials relevant to this case respectively and then analyzed them together. During the process, we thought about them deeply and fully, finally we got a best scheme.
Through this experiment, I became lover finance major than before, because it not only brought me model and data but also interest on (in) connecting knowledge with practices to make data and model vivid. Even each new idea produced different result. Finance is not a material concept but is social science, which contains a wider scope. I am very glad to involving discovering unknown things in this field. Just like discussion, many members’ thoughts inspired me and we got satisfied results. Finance is a social science which embodied human being is the essential. We could cultivate our academic taste during the learning symposia and academic discussion process. In the practices we could cultivate intuition added combination with academic background and mathematic theory; we could understand finance better.
So I pay attention to connect theory and practices more than before, in my spare time I took part in social practices, for example I visited “international finance” of newspaper office and “Shanghai stock exchange”, besides I took part in planning for the “second finance year meeting” in Shanghai University of Finance and Economics. During the process, I met many finance people and got a chance for visiting Holland bank. Moreover I often consulted lots of finance journals and website materials etc. In order to connect theory with practices better, I carried on special researches on these problems.
For example, I began to research “RMB Globalization problem” and its aim was to review substantial economy and non-substantial economy how to influence currency international globalization from demonstration and theory angle to help us understand the experiences and lessons happened on the process of each national currency globalization and offered some feasible references for RMB international globalization. I connected the fact of our national economy development, especially, the base fact of RMB used by some nations around China, through researching the general rule of currency internationalization globalization, to discuss the problem on RMB international globalization process.
First, I reviewed the main countries’ currency globalization process in the world, and found that currency globalization must have two basic conditions. The first was rich economy strength; the second was to keep valuta long stabilization. Second, I pointed out RMB globalization was the necessity choice of our national economy persisting development and the benefit of currency globalization according to the impersonality requirement of economical globalization development, and RMB globalization would more enlarge the degree for opening to foreign.
Yours sincerely,
选择挪威留学常识介绍
1、位置，气候和人口
挪威位于欧洲大陆北部的斯堪的纳维亚半岛西海岸，南与丹麦隔海相望，西挪威海，东部和北部与瑞典和芬兰接壤。挪威海岸线长近二万公里，领土南北狭长，海岸线异常曲折，沿海岛屿很多，多达15万个，挪威又称“万岛之国”。挪威国土面积约38万平方公里。
人口约490万，主要分布在西南、南部和东南部沿海一带，其中四分之三的人口生活在离海不到15公里的地带，城市人口约占总人口71%，北部寒冷的广大地区无人居住。北部的特罗姆瑟地区，位于北极圈内。揶威风景异常优美，风靡全球的《冰雪奇》就取于挪威。夏令时比北京时间晚7个小时。
2、首都和主要城市
首都奥斯陆(Oslo)，位于揶威南部，是挪威的城市和政治、经济、文化和教育中心和主要港口。挪威主要城市还包括卑尔根、特隆赫姆、特罗姆瑟等。
3、语言和经济
挪威官方语言是挪威语，但大多数挪威人都能与璃典人、丹麦人很好地沟通交流，且有超过90%的挪威人能讲非常好的英语。挪威自七十年代在北海发现了大量的石油和天然气储备以来，经济得到了快速发展。目前挪威人均GDP很高，达到七万多美元，是世界上最富裕的国家之一，也是世界上最适宜居和居民幸福数非常高的国家。在造船、石油勘探和开采、石油和天然气相关技术、水产养殖等方面走在世界的最前列。
4、福利制度
挪威在北欧四国中，也是世界上福利特别高的国家，社会福利制度包含了国民的免费医疗、教育，社会福利制度体系完善。挪威人均产出远高于欧盟国家和地区的平均水平，国民和居民享有极高的生活品质。在挪威留学的国际学生也能享受政府的各项社会福利。
5、教育制度
挪威的教育处于欧洲乃至世界的前列。挪威目前有七所综合性公立大学和七所大学学院。挪威世界如奥斯陆大学、挪威科技大学、卑尔根大学、斯塔万格大学、特罗姆瑟大学、威商学院等。
挪威本科学制一般是三年，基本都是挪威语授课，硕士一般是两年，部分专业是英语授课，招收国际学生。挪威高校每年开学季为秋季开学。到挪威留学的国际学生，享受和揶威当地学生同样的待遇，不收取申请费和学费。
货币：挪威使用货币为挪威克郎，一挪威克郎约合人民币1元。
去挪威留学可以享受的福利
一、免费留学
首先大家可以享受的是目前留学少有的免学费，入学的学生只需要进行注册费的缴纳，就可以直接入学享受国际化的教育，可以保证大家的学习不会在经济方面有很大的负担。
不过这仅限于入读公立大学的学生，通过考核的学生，可以直接免费入学，而私立院校的学生，虽然学校不免学费，但是可以进行奖学金的申请，大家只要能力符合，也可以享受免除学费的福利。
二、国际住宿
留学生在进行住宿选择的时候，是有优先提交宿舍申请的资格的，提供的国际学生宿舍，新生可以无条件的申请，环境会比较好而且安全也会有保障，这对大家来说是很有优势的。
而后续大家要想继续住宿舍，则需要满足一定的要求，因为每年都会有新生入学，而宿舍会优先对他们进行发放，区别于老生的入学申请门槛的设置，只有成绩优秀表现突出才有资格。
三、餐饮选择
在吃的方面，一般直接去食堂解决日常的需求就可以了，总体来看性价比会很高，因为学校的餐饮会有严格的卫生标准，在配置上也会比较健康，不过都是西餐可能会不适应。
但是价格会比大家在外面吃便宜得多，而且也不需要提前进行准备，直接去食堂然后现场选择，所以大家在准备的时候，可以考虑的事情会更多，能够省钱是大家共同的选择。
四、舒适环境
学习和生活，对环境都会提出一定的要求，这部分需要大家入学开始学习和生活之后，才能够有比较真实的感受，可以从自己熟悉的小圈子开始，再参加联谊进行更多的社交活动。
环境优越对大家的优势还有可以自由出行，挪威有不少自然和人文的景观，大家可以直接确认自己想要去的地方，学生出游很多景点还可以省钱，这会很适合大家的学习和生活。
新西兰留学读研究生申请书
新西兰留学读研究生申请书
Dear _,
computing and its applications have always fascinated me and for this reason i have found my a-level courses extremely interesting. this also has maintained my long-term interest in computer-related careers. i have studied mathematics, physics and computing to a-level and also during the first year at hills road sixth form college i re-took my gcse english.
last year and this year i have been improving my self-learning, and developing many skills with the help of the key skills qualifications and a-level general studies. my sincerest desire is to become a computer scientist. specifically, i am interested in exploring how problems can be modeled and solved using artificial intelligence. i also want to learn about human cognition and machine intelligence. i have been studying the online debate over whether machines will ever become intelligent given the current course of research and reading about such issues as whether a machine can acquire common sense (as discussed in hubert dreyfus's book what computers still can't do).
i have been exploring many different areas within the domain of artificial intelligence (such as neural networks, genetic algorithms, and natural language processing). the bottom line is that i want to be a part of this exciting field. over the summer i traveled to russia, and thoroughly enjoyed exploring a very different part of the world. my other interests include current affairs and sports, such as football, tennis and general fitness. ever since the start of sixth
form i have been a successful member of the college football team. i have played basketball as an enrichment activity because it was a new sport to me at the beginning of sixth form. i also participated in a 5-a-side indoor football tournament at the college. in addition to pursuing my academic studies i would like to continue some of these sports at university.
Yours sincerely,
新西兰留学读研究生条件与优势
一、新西兰留学读研条件
申请新西兰大学硕士学位的课程要求申请人必须在国内正规大学完成本科课程，并且获得本科学士学位。如果在国内正在读大四或者是研究生在读以及部分有丰富工作经验的大专毕业生可以直接申请新西兰大学的硕士专业。
英语条件：新西兰硕士课程对英语成绩的要求比较高，新西兰大学的商科、文科、工程、建筑、自然科学等专业的研究生课程对申请者的雅思要求为6.5分以上。新西兰教育专业则要求申请的雅思成绩达到7分。如果申请者的雅思成绩没有满足条件，可以去新西兰大学下属的语言学院进行语言课程的培训，满足一定要求后，可以进入研究生阶段学习。
学术条件：申请优势专业，如商科、管理类专业等必须是211工程学校毕业生，且大学平均成绩在75分以上，动漫等设计类课程必须提供作品;非211工程学校的毕业生申请优势专业，要求在80分以上;如果有很好的推荐信(工作单位或者学校的)或者工作背景，可以破格录取。
二、新西兰留学读研优势
1、移民比较容易。在新西兰毕业的硕士，可以获得时间为一年的工作签证，如果找到了与专业对应的工作，时间还可以增加到两年，某一些需要注册的专业甚至还可以申请三年的工签。而在工签的期间，你的配偶或者是子女也可以用配偶工签和你一起留在新西兰，并且不会受到工作方面的限制，还能不需要学费就可以上学。
2、可跨专业读研。如果你在申请研究生的时候不想继续再学你本科的专业了，那么你选择在新西兰读研是正确的。但在新西兰没有这样的要求，他们在每个院校都设有与你本专业有关系的桥梁课程，时间大概为半年到一年间，完成了新西兰研究生桥梁课程，你就可以去跨专业读硕士了。
3、教学质量高。新西兰的高等教育体系也是世上极好的教育体系之一，它遵循的英国的教育体系，但质量并不比英国差，甚至能够和美国等相提并论，在世界上是有着很高的声誉的。这儿师资力量实力高，课程也相当齐全，环境还不错，是很适合安心做学术研究的地方。
新西兰留学签证申请攻略
一、签证申请材料
1、出生公证+复印件;
2、亲属关系公证(包含所有直系亲属)+复印件;
3、户口本(如果不公证请寄原件+复印件)+复印件;
4、17岁以上申请人提供：无犯罪记录公证(包括3份材料：1.公安局或派出所无罪证明复印件。2.无罪证明的翻译件3.无犯罪公证书的原件。);
5、17岁以下申请人提供：父母同意书+复印件，父母离异的需要公证;
6、高中以上学历提供学历，学位，成绩单的公证件(高中或高中以下申请人可提供毕业证/在读证明，成绩单的原件加翻译件，学校盖章)+复印件;
7、申请表格–《学生签证申请表》和《中国人补充表格》需打印出来签字(签字的地方在申请表的第11页中间)，16岁以下申请人可由监护人代签;
8、中国人补充表;
9、在读申请人目前就读的学校出具的在读证明信(中英文)。已毕业的申请人提供成绩单的中英文件、毕业证和学位证的公证书;
10、护照原件，和两份首页的复印件。在离开新西兰时，护照尚须有三个月以上有效期;
11、近期2寸护照照片2张，贴在申请表格上。要求是三个月内近照;
12、身份证复印件;
13、英文的学习计划。说明申请人的求学选择和完成学业后的计划。-这部分资料重要，我们会帮你一起准备，学生自己要牢记;
14、申请费的汇款证明。申请费的银行转账单复印件，目前大约1410元加上每本护照邮寄费50元和新西兰签证中心手续费220元共1680元人民币，广东辖区申请费共1730。请和我们核对金额和付款方法;
15、资金证明。需要的总额：参照新西兰元和人民币5：1准备。基本按照每年15万人民币担保出具证明，例如中学毕业申请大学，计划将读4.5年，资金60万以上。这部分资料重要，请尽力而为，越多越好;
16、提供银行存款证明原件+复印件，加上：银行存折或存单的复印件和半年的历史记录;
17、如果申请人的资助人生活在国外，则需提供一份其的所得税纳税单、其雇主出具的证明函，以及其合法定居身份或公民身份的证明。此外，该资助人还需提供一份法定的资助声明，说明所提供的资助金额、提供资助的原因以及该资金是无偿赠与还是借款。如果担保人在境外，还须填写财力担保书;
18、担保人收入来源证明。申请人、父母和或其他资金担保人的雇主证明和所有相关银行转账/活动记录，时间要涵盖12个月以上;
19、学校入学通知和缴费通知。请注意，请勿先缴学费，直至收到新西兰移民局签证预批核准后，才能缴交学费;
20、指定医院的体检报告，一般X光即可。
二、新西兰留学签证要求
1、语言要求
没有语言要求，可以不提供任何语言成绩，直接申请语言和专业课，具体语言长度，根据学校要求和学生的语言水平决定。
2、学历要求
由录取学校决定。不建议倒读，如本科毕业生，去读大专。学生要有合理的学习计划。
3、资金要求
1)担保金金额：新西兰担保金要求一年15万。一般申请1-2年左右的课程要求至少提供30万的担保金。3年左右或以上的课程，至少提供45万的担保金。
2)资助人要求通常是申请人的父母，或者(外)祖父母，其他旁系亲属作资助，一般比较难以让签证官信服。需要有特殊的理由解释。
3)担保金历史要求
a.新西兰的资金要求有6个月以上的存款历史。
b.如果不满足历史要求，则需要能够详细解释资金来源，如资金从股市转出，从公司账户转出，卖房款等多种形式，需要向签证官证明担保人的经济能力足够资助学生留学，部分取决于签证官的主观因素。
c.留学专用账户，在没有存款历史，也无法很好的解释资金来源的情况下，学生可以选择留学专用账户，递交申请前，将担保金存入认可的中信银行，预签通过之后，用于支付学生的学费和生活费，方便签证审理。此种方式申请的签证相对较高。
三、签证申请流程
1、 确定签证类型：如果需要读语言课程，语言课程时长不超过三个月，那么不需要申请普通学生签证，可以直接申请访问签证;
2、 准备申请材料：申请新西兰留学签证需要准备的材料主要包括签证申请表、2-3张近6个月内或者是近半年内照的免冠证件照，照片大小和护照照片大小相同;除此之外还有个人有效护照原件和复印件，身份证的复印件，新西兰大学录取通知书，存款证明，体检单等等;
3、 递交签证申请。有两种方式，第1种是在线提交申请，第2种是到签证中心提交材料;如果选择在线提交申请，只要提前注册账号并登陆，准备好所有材料的扫描件或者是电子版，直接上传材料就可以;
4、 等待结果。递交签证申请之后，大家要做的就是等待结果，一般情况下受理时间大约是34天左右，除非遇到申请高峰期或者是法定节假日。
日本研究生留学申请书【通用】
如何写日本研究生留学申请书
Dear _,
I have always enjoyed studying Maths, Physics and Chemistry, and I would like the opportunity to continue this study. Chemical Engineering appeals to me because of the challenges involved in the application of scientific theory to practical, real world problems such as how to deal with nuclear waste. I particularly look forward to studying fluid dynamics as I was introduced to this during the Engineering Education Scheme (EES). I am aware that in today’s world chemical engineering has an increasingly important role across a wide range of industries from pharmaceuticals to petrochemicals. The broad range of career paths, and the opportunity to contribute to society through technological innovation, is for me, one of the main attractions of chemical engineering.
I have applied to take part in the Year In Industry scheme during which I hope to gain practical experience, as well as greater maturity enabling me to go into my degree course with improved skills and broader experience. I also hope to study e-learning courses on project management and presentation skills run by the IChemE. In Year 12 I took part in the EES, which improved my understanding and skills in team working, time management, and report writing, as well as visual and oral presentation. Throughout the course of the project the team had to frequently correspond with mentors in industry and academia and this experience has broadened my appreciation of practice and application in a real life situation. In July I attended a week-long ‘Into Engineering’ seminar run by REACT Engineering. Working in two teams, we were given a design exercise based upon a typical decommissioning project. I also attended a Headstart course at Newcastle University, which I thoroughly enjoyed. One of the main activities was to design, manufacture and test a small crane. I found both of these experiences very challenging, as we were given only limited time so we had to prioritise our tasks and carefully plan our work.This year a fellow student and I were awarded ￡500 by the European Scholarship Prize to fund a visit to Prague to do research for our A-level History coursework. I gained an understanding of the city’s culture and history and further developed my independence. During the summer I represented my school on a Connexions review of a government white paper on 14-19 education. I gained an insight into the government’s proposals and learned a lot about working with different groups of people. Last year I was part of the editorial team for the school magazine. I wrote a number of articles and I was responsible for ensuring that staff contributions were ready for the deadline. I also enjoy participating in a range of sports and have represented the school at football and cricket, which has further enhanced my team working skills.In my spare time I am working towards my Duke of Edinburgh Gold Award. In September I completed a 4-day expedition in the Lake District, which tested my endurance but gave me a great sense of achievement. As part of the award I have been helping at the local youth café once a week, which I am really enjoying as it gives me the chance to meet new people. I also enjoy reading, particularly books on physics and Russian history. I am really interested in computers and I am currently trying to configure a Linux based file and print server for my home network.
For admission to a university in England you have to fill in a form from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). They for a very reasonable fee provide all applicants to unversities and colleges in the UK with a way to apply to up to 6 universities (or multiple courses at, say 3 universities). Part of the form (apart from all the obvious details such as name and address), is half a page where you are asked to write about yourself, your interests and so on. Inevitably you have to make it sound as good as possible, as you're trying to sell yourself to the universities you're applying to...I applied to the universities of Aston, Bath, Bristol, Cambridge, Imperial College London, and Loughborough. All for an MEng (Master of Engineering degree) in Chemical Engineering, except for Bristol where I went for an MEng in Computer Science, so this is tailored towards those courses. Anyway... Here it is. I don't guarantee that you won't get bored! ;-). (NB this was written in the summer of 1999, and is therefore not too current!).Reasons for Course Choice
Since beginning secondary school, I've been very interested in Chemistry and Computing. Besides my normal schoolwork I've read around these two subjects. Because I am also very keen on Mathematics and Physics, I want to pursue a degree course that combines all or most of these. Both of my parents are Science/Engineering graduates and they have taught me some of the qualities needed for a degree course in this field. This has encouraged me to find out about the opportunities available. Aims
I have applied to several firms for sponsorship while at university and during a gap year, with the intention of getting Engineering-related work experience. This would give me valuable experience for the course at university. I hope to obtain a Master of Engineering degree and become employed in research and development in the oil or food industry. Eventually, I would like to do postgraduate study, and perhaps even teach Chemistry/Engineering. Interests
I play basketball, tennis, volleyball, and I like kayaking. By far my biggest sports interest, however, is orienteering. I've won several trophies for Andalusian and league championships, and I've helped to organise regional orienteering events. I have also designed the database system for my club. My greatest interest outside school is computing. I have done a large amount of web design. I help maintain the computer systems at my father's workplace; and I also do some part time work teaching people on a one-to-one basis how to use their computers. I like writing manuals or notes on things related to computers, and have published an article on web design in a small US computer magazine. I have written papers on the use of data-logging and other equipment for my school's science department. This year, I was responsible for laying out my school's entire yearbook using DTP software. Recently, I was employed developing a web site and training staff for an organisation in London. When I have time I play the keyboard, and also do some sound engineering: I used to operate the mixing desk at my local church, as well as help at my parents' workplace, which is a professional recording studio. I enjoy teaching and have given weekly tuition in Maths and English. General Points
I've lived in Spain for 14 years and am fluent in Spanish. In addition, my parents work with North Africans, Middle Easterners, Americans, Spaniards, Britons, and people of other nationalities. I have gained valuable experience growing up with many different cultures around me, and as a result appreciate the difficulties of cross-cultural communication. I have been part of several King's Kids, teams which perform music and dance all over Spain. This entailed travelling away from home for 3 weeks at a time, and having to work with around 60 other people. I think that this has made me a fairly rounded person, and I therefore feel confident about fitting in with people from any culture.
Yours sincerely,
日本研究生留学申请条件和流程
一、什么是“研究生”
由于日本的教育体制与中国略有不同，日本所称的“研究生”并不是国内意义上的“硕士”，实际上只是大学、大学院的旁听生或研修生，很多时候我们也把日本的“研究生”定义为：硕士预科生。日本研究生编制不一定属于硕士生院，实际上很多日本大学把“研究生”划入大学部。“研究生”阶段很难申请到奖学金及学费减免。在日本“硕士”的正式名称为“修士”，也叫“博士前期”。
二、设置“研究生”编制有什么意义
设置“研究生”编制可以让导师与学生在这个阶段中相互熟悉及对学生能力水平的考核过程。对不是从本校或者本国毕业的本科毕业生来说，这个阶段有助学生掌握一些研究所需要的基本知识及手段(尤其是各个学校的专业、日本留学申请,天道日本留学怎么样课程设置与当前研究方向不一致的时候)。对外国留学生而言，研究生阶段还可以帮助留学生尽快适应国外生活、度过语言关。
三、申请日本研究生留学的条件
1、对于选择就读日本研究生(大学院)留学的留学生，首先要拥有本科学士学位文凭、在国内参加过日语学习，建议有日本语能力考试(N1)一级证书、托福考试(IBT)80分以上的学生，也可以提供在校的各种获奖证书、荣誉证明等。
2、申请日本大学院需要提交如学历证明、外语能力证明、研究计划书等申请材料。
3、同时，您的担保人也要提供定期存款的银行证明等相关文件，日本留学申请,天道日本留学怎么样以确保学生能有充足的资金在日本学习及生活等所用。
4、研究计划书成为大学院申请的关键。因为除了准备基本的申请材料外，您所申请的教授能看到的个性化材料就是研究计划书。研究计划书写作的重点是围绕你的研究目的、研究方向等做具体的整理总结，这要求学生具备一定的写作能力和专业知识，尤其是申请如东京大学、东京工业大学、名古屋大学、京都大学等大学，要先了解你要申请的教授的研究领域，以确定自己的研究方向是否与教授相近，然后确定研究课题，做具体课程的研究准备，一篇有质量的研究计划书才能体现你区别于其他学生的能力，日本留学申请,天道日本留学怎么样才能使你有机会被心仪的大学院的教授认可并且接受。
四、日本研究生申请流程
作为进入大学院的一个准备的阶段，日本很多的大学院都采用研究生的制度，这里所说的研究生不是硕士或者是博士课程的正规生，日本的研究生类似于中国的旁听生，研究生通常会在4月份或者是10月份的时候入学入学以后进行一年左右的准备学习，研究生在所属研究室作为听课生学习有关的内容，并且协助指导老师进行相关的研究，指导老师在掌握了学生研究能力和人品之后，决定是否收该生为硕士或者是博士生。
要想得到留学签证作为研究生，在大学学习每一个礼拜的听课时间必须有十个小时以上，不管是研究生的申请，还是硕士博士课程的申请，日本留学申请,天道日本留学怎么样指导老师的决定都起到关键性的作用，因此事先取得指导教师的同意是非常重要的。
申请研究生首先必须得到导师的肯许。日本大学里，导师对研究生以上学生的招生有非常大的决定权，如果事先没有得到导师接受的，即使你直接向大学院招生处提出入学申请，大学院也不会根据你的情况为你指定专业或研究室。也就是说，在没有获得导师同意下，大学院不会轻易接受学生的单独申请。反过来，如果你已经得到导师的肯许，再通过导师向大学院提出入学申请的话，成功率将非常之高。如果教授同意接收你这个学生，那么就能够顺利的读研了，而且可以同时申请多所大学院，很多会同时被报考的几所大学录取，大家只要选择自己喜欢的学校或者是专业去读研就可以了。
五、教授联系e-mail技巧及申请过程中需要用到的各种证明
可能的话可以适当与教授探讨专业心得、前景展望等话题。必须适时向教授证实以下几个关键问题：
(1)自己具有相当的语言能力，能够与周围的人正常交流。比如提供日语学时证明、日语等级证书等(建议在赴日前达到日语2级水平，否则学习、打工都会遇到很大困难)。
(2)经济状况良好，能够承担你在日学习期间的所有开支。比如收入证明、纳税证明、已获得的留学期间奖学金等。
(3)有一定的专业水平。比如大学期间成绩单、专业论文发表情况、研究成果以及上面说到的推荐信等。
(4)家庭稳定、身体状况良好，不会影响你在日期间的学习，比如健康证明。
(5)明确表明自己毕业后将回国，为中日友好做贡献的意愿。
六、如何获得导师肯许
如果你有亲友正好认识你想申请的导师，或者正好认识这个学校的其他导师，那通过他们介绍是最理想不过。如果你没有关系的话也不必担心，跟着以下步骤来。
(1)上网查找日本各个大学的网站，看看是否有适合自己的专业。
(2)找到合适的专业后，进入这个专业的研究室主页或这个学院的员工介绍页面，查找有关教授的联系方式(Email、电话、通信地址等等)。
(3)查看学校招生简章并确认自己符合申请资格。
(4)给教授发mail介绍自己的专业、特长、学习、工作经历等基本情况，并表示希望对方能够接受你做研究生。尽可能在邮件中附上有关证明材料，有研究成果或专业论文附上原文及检索地址。
(5)请自己在国内的教授、专业知名人士或者高级官员为你写推荐信给对方。也可以事先请有关人士写好后与申请mail一同发送给对方。推荐信可以是打印件，但一定要有推荐人的亲笔署名及盖章。
(6)等待教授回音。
(7)教授表示想进一步了解有关情况的时候，说明教授对你感兴趣，这时应及时向教授索取通信地址，并将各种证明文件复印件邮寄给对方。
(8)获取《入学通知书》――>申请在留资格――>取得在留资格许可――>申请签证――>赴日。申请过程中必须与教授保持联系，并在教授指导下一步步提供各种所需材料。
七、申请日本研究生两种方法的优劣势
在申请日本研究生留学的时候，一般有两种方法，“研究生”和“语言学校”。从前面的叙述的我们已经知道日本的“研究生”,其实并不是中国的研究生，而是指硕士预科(即中国的研究生预科，或者可以理解为旁听生)。“研究生”就读期间，跟正常硕士生一起，参加教授的课程，参加学校的科研活动，一年后参加本学校的硕士生考试。而“语言学校”就是独立的教授日本语的学校，针对于本科毕业生的语言学校通常包括日本语教学和考研辅导两个方面的内容。很多学生就是纠结在这两种选择之中，今天就给大家总结一下申请日本的研究生和语言学校的优劣势。
1、在国内直接“研究生”的优势与劣势
优势：
(1)一步到位。用很多学生的话说，以研究生的身份过去踏实，毕竟大部分的研究生可以优先录取到本学校的硕士生。虽然像某一流大学的研究生招生简章上面明确写有“研究生在参加硕士生考试时，不享有任何的优先录取权。”。但是说句良心话，毕竟和教授接触的机会多，互相了解,旁听的内容往往就是考试重点，近水楼台先得月，自然考试也会占上不少便宜，大大提高了录取比例。
(2)专业知识的巩固。中国和日本的教学方式真的不一样，虽然我在国内没有上过研究生和大学,而中国大学毕业的论文和我考研究生时候的研究计划书比起来，简直天壤之别。日本对于专业知识的掌握度要求更高，学术理论的叙述上更严谨，更专业。上过一年研究生的学生，在专业度上绝对占有优势，每天耳闻目睹，从前辈身上能学到不少东西。
劣势：
(1)没有日本语课程。研究生毕竟是在大学院里面学习，即使可以旁听到一些比如日本语教育专业中的日本语课程,其实并不是系统化的学习，基础不扎实，很难短时间内提高日本语水平,更有甚者，无法跟上老师的授课进度，中途退出学习。
(2)门槛高。从中国直接申请研究生，并没有大家想的那么简单。因为从中国直接申请研究生，教授完全是从学生的材料情况来判断学生，比如通常是211、985院校毕业，日本语二级以上，(有的要求日语一级) 。托福成绩80以上，大学成绩平均分80以上等等。所以有的时候导致学生非常优秀但发了很多邮件给导师但结果是了无音讯。很多时候非常优秀的学生却被淘汰下来,甚至有的耽误半年时间才能再申请。
2、通过语言学校申请的优势与劣势
优势：
(1)接受系统的日本语教育,在学习中是阶段性和系统性的学习,有计划的学习是最有效的学习，在语言学校中，通常会被分为8-10阶段教学法，一般来说具备初级水平的学生1年内可以达到日本语一级水平，0起点学生一年内至少可以达到2级水平。语言学校的学习期间，学生可以具备生存的基本条件，就是顺畅的语言沟通能力。
(2)为想换专业的学生提供过度途径。很多学生在上硕士生的时候想换专业，但是专业知识不够，肯定是不可以被大学院录取的。这就需要先进入语言学校，在学习期间，联络教授，参加教授的讲习会，前辈的论文发表，多看教授书籍等等.....其实有很多窍门，可以尽快帮助学生通过教授的认可，掌握必要的专业知识。
(3)接受升学指导课程。升学指导课程通常包括了：怎么写研究计划书和课题报告，怎么选择专业和导师等等。日本的研究计划书有自己独特的格式，日本面试当中会有一些即兴表达的时间，这些都是我们中国的研究生考试中所没有的。想顺利适应日本的硕士生生活，这些前期的准备功课，是一定要做足的。
劣势：
较大的缺点就是浪费时间，语言学校至少要读半年时间，很多学生吵着自己青春有限，不忍心浪费这一年。
日本留学奖学金申请种类介绍
一、政府奖学金
一类是文省部直属项目，申请需要由使馆或者学校进行推荐，可申请的学生有资格的限制，需要和日语或者日本文化相关，流程是材料审查、专业考试和面试，奖金多而且含金量高。
另一类是学习奖励费，表现好的学生有资格被学校推荐获取官方的直接奖励，虽然金额可能和学校直接发放的奖学金差不多，但是含金量会更高，同样需要由学校推荐，经过审核-面试后才能确认资格。
二、团体奖学金
一般是由机构或者企业设置的，会对获奖者有一定的额外限制要求，除了要满足基础的专业技能考核之外，还会要求学生付出一定的劳动力，需要在假期或者毕业后在这里工作一段时间。
奖金的金额是比较高的，不过差异也比较大，从几百到几万元不等，一旦获取没有特殊情况会持续到大家毕业，申请需要通过学校联系团体，所以大家需要提前将材料交给学校审核。
三、私人奖学金
还有不少私人设置的项目，这也是很多企业家和大老板会做的事情，其地位和慈善是一样的，不过目的是为了激励在专业学习中表现优秀的学生，大部分的项目是没有附加要求的。
目前日本这类的项目数量不少，还有专门的管理机构，大家可以根据自己的情况筛选可以申请的项目，一般会对学生某方面的技能尤其重视，不强制要求全面发展，获奖可能性还是比较高的。
四、学校奖学金
而大部分的学生可以获取的奖金项目，还是学校提供的，因为只审核学生的专业考试成绩，而且申请的流程也不复杂，大家考完试成绩出来之后，会自动生成名额，都不需要额外申请。
公示名单之后确认资格，然后大家只需要等待奖学金发放下来就可以了，都不需要大家操心，是比较合适的选择，也是获奖可能性的项目。
法国研究生留学申请书具体【示例】
法国研究生留学申请书
Dear _,
Knowing where one is heading during navigation brings assured happiness. As a student majoring in Computer Software, I began my odyssey four years ago. Now, after the initial mysticism was gradually unveiled, my curiosity remains the same. Indeed, having entered this splendid computer world, I am more than greedy for something new.
From the beginning of my study, my endeavor was fixed on the underlying branches of Computer Science, particularly System Software development. Novel applications on other’s platform may be fruitful, but I think it’s more appealing to act as an independent “manager”. In fact, mathematics, OS, DBMS and modern compiler are all the examples, any breakthrough of which would push forward the whole industry. Individuality is achieved in this unique position.
My paces toward this goal are always steady. As mathematics permeates to the every corner of Computer Science, I am eager to see how it functions. I took courses offered by the Mathematics Department including Mathematical Analysis and Advanced Algebra. The curriculum also covered Discrete Mathematics, Probability & Statistics and Theoretical Computer Science. As supplement to my scope of knowledge, I learn by myself Combination Mathematics and the Science of Programming. This really made a hard period of time, but the harvest was rewarding. I come to understand that even the most irrelevant software disciplines have the origins in common. The importance of Fractured Geometry in Computer Graphics is already obvious. What if a step furthers toward TSP or Bin Packing? Immeasurable. Then came my favorite topics: Operating System, Compiler and Database. I worked hard and derived bits of my own insight. In fact, I was greatly encouraged to find some of my ideas successfully implemented in the corresponding course projects. My final grade is straight “As” in these coursed. In short, although my experience in Computer Science is still limited, I believe its depth is well accessible. As my advisor, Prof. Fang Yu, put it figuratively in one of his lectures: “ It makes no difference whether a hunter captures 5 or 7 rabbits. What counts is he knows how to use his gun.”
I think I can be the qualified shooter now. in my undergraduate years, I have earned various kinds of scholarships, among which were “Peking University Fellowship” and “Excellent Academic Scholarship”. My overall GPA ranks upper 10% among 48 students of the same grade. Because of my satisfactory performance, I was granted the honor of entering the graduate program at Peking University directly, waived of the admission test. In retrospect, my workload is always heavy but it is worth my time of effort. Presently, I have both adequate theoretical understanding and rich programming experience. READY I AM.
Of all the sub-areas of Computer Science, my major interest is parallel processing and the related compiler construction. The terminology of parallel processing came to me when I read an article about digital circuit testing. According to this article, there exist many serial approaches of solving the automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) problem. Though certain method of solving ATPG sometimes proved efficient, the computation time for a method of solving ATPG sometimes proved efficient, the computation time for a complete result is intolerable, the a parallel processing machine is proposed. Using paralleled ATPG method, this NP complete dilemma is ingeniously handled. After reading, I surprisingly realized that parallel processing opened a new window for the computationally intensive problems, which prove intractable for the VON NEUMANN Architecture. You can always first split a specific computational task into several independent divisions, then assign each part to a certain processor. With reasonable partition and proper synchronization, most grueling scientific applications can be reduced to normal scale problems.
With the advent of the multiprocessor architecture, compiler optimization faced a new challenge. A compiler not only has to translate, but it is also responsible for generating parallel-processing loop provides a rich opportunity of exploiting parallelism. Therefore, finding an optimum strategy for loops because a hot research topic. On the whole, parallelism changes our view toward the conventional computer architecture so that the compiler’s construction must make the corresponding modification. Because of this challenging characteristic, I choose them to be my interest of future study.
Yet parallel processing is far from maturity. It has been observed that some sequential algorithms can be easily translated into fast parallel algorithms while some others may not. Is every sequential computation can be done efficiently in parallel? If not, what properties result in such distinction? Another unsettled problem is programming parallel computers now is like programming serial computers in the 1960s. Programmers get locked into a particular manufacturer’s computers. Is it possible for us to design a higher level language for parallel computers that hides the underlying machine architecture from users? Both are crying out for solution.
Without advanced knowledge, I can do nothing but wait. In order to convert my undergraduate study into full play, graduate education is a necessity. From the college guide and my advisor’s recommendation, I am pleased to learn that your department has an academic atmosphere where originality is appreciated and individual potential is explored. It will be the best place for my specialized study. If possible, my main interest in the future will be in the following areas:
Parallel processing, Compiler construction.
Distributed/concurrent systems, Operating system.
Machine learning, Automated fault diagnosis.
As my undergraduate education is very basic, if you feel that I am more suited for some other areas, any of your suggestion would be highly appreciated.
Upon the completion of my study, I would return to Peking University and teach what I’ve learned to the students. Then I shall establish a research center to experiment new ideas. It is my ultimate goal to see the Chinese computer products leading the global market in the next century. After all, the navigation is not over yet!
Yours sincerely,
法国留学研究生申请条件和费用
一、法国留学研究生申请条件
1. 本科以上学历
受教育水平证明：包括毕业文凭、证书和成绩单复印件以及法语翻译件，上述材料必须加盖公章并能就申请人的学历与法国大学的文凭作出比较说明。
现在去法国留学，法国高校对平均分要求还不是太高，但保证没有不及格的科目。一些因为申请竞争激烈，学生还是要保证平均分在75分甚至85以上。是从时间上来看，有一个越来越高的趋势。个别专业和学校会对学生英语和数学提出更高的要求。
2.语言学习课时
选择法语授课专业申请者需要在国内接受至少500小时以上的法语培训;
法语水平证明：法国留学研究生申请人必须提供由法国大使馆文化处在申请人所在国举办的法语考试证明，或有关大学举办的法语水平证明。由于法国在中国没有设立法语水平考试。因此，中国申请者只能联系法国有关的补习学校或大学开设的法语培训班。经过一段时间的培训，再参加大学组织的法语水平考试。
3.语言成绩要求
选择英语授课专业申请者需要出具在有效期内的托福(550以上)或者雅思(6.0以上)成绩;
4.早点开始申请
提前一年开始申请，学历文凭证书、大学成绩单、推荐信等是非常重要的申请材料。学校会对每一位申请者提供的材料做严格的审核，有的学校还会提出面试的要求。
推荐信：要求申请者提供2至3份熟悉本人学业及工作的教授或领导写的推荐信。信中要包括申请人学业、品行、法语水平等方面的评价。
个人简历：应包括本人姓名、性别、年龄、婚姻状况、通讯地址、工作单位等。同时还要写明自己的受教育情况、工作经历、专业兴趣、出版物及赴法学习计划等。
5.提前确认导师
法国研究生阶段的申请是导师制，就是说是在和人打交道，并非和一个学校，一个制度来博弈，因此其中会有很多不确定性，有学生戏称海外求学就像相亲，看顺眼了就OK，不是没有道理，这些条件也许你不是都具备，但你只要有其中的两三个闪光点，一样有申请到的可能性。
二、法国留学研究生大概费用
(一)学费
法国公立大学，实行的是免费教育。注册费会根据自己所选的课程而定，每年为300欧元左右。
1.公立大学(法语授课)，需要读一年的预科/语言+二年的研究生，费用：预科/语言学费，3-6万人民币，研究生二年没学费，法国的生活费是5-6万人民币一年，总的费用：20万左右.
2.商学院(英文授课)，读MSC是1.5年的课程，学费是整个COURS的费用，如果是欧洲排名20-40的商学院，大概11万人民币，总的费用是：20万左右。
(二)住宿费
很多去法国读研究生的中国学生也会一起租一个公寓，带一个卫生间，如果是在巴黎的话，每个月的住宿费是400-600欧元(3296元到4945元)之间，其他城市的住房费是200-350欧元(1648元到2884元)之间。法国给国外的研究生提供了宿舍，每个月一间房的住宿费是110-150欧元(906元到1236元)。
(三)伙食费、交通费和零用钱
法国留学公立大学需要多少钱，每月大概在200欧元之间。如以每月用正餐60次计算，在法国大学食堂的花销为2.4×60=144欧元。如在外用餐，最低花销为6.5×60= 390 欧元。有很多在法国的中国同学2、3个人一起租房，一起出钱买菜做饭，这样能节省不少钱。如需经常乘坐公交车，月票的费用约为45欧元。手机的话费每月约为10欧元。粗算下来，每月在法国至少要花掉600欧元。
(四)留学担保金
在法国读研需要担保费，一般只需要学生有100000元的担保金。
(五)其他重要开销
1.水电气费：
用平均月需60欧元，网费平均月需25欧元(分摊的话)。书本费和其他学习资料费用每月50欧元。强烈建议购买健康保险，健康保险每月20到50欧元。欧洲经济区学生购买欧洲健康保险。
2.话费：
平均月需25欧元，部分线上交易每月只需10欧元。
3. 汽油：
一公升1.33欧元，旅游卡或交通卡每月约需70欧元。单一形式交通需17到33欧元。
4. 单程租自行车：
在法国许多城市很常见，出租自行车系统全年准入需19欧元，包括无限制全城30分钟骑行。
5.高速列车：
返程到其他城市平均需25欧元，需要预定。
此外，也有为年轻人提供的铁路卡折扣，需50欧元。如果定期全国旅游，铁路卡比较划算。建议考虑学生旅行卡，这个卡很实惠。举个例子，在巴黎，无限制旅行卡(Carte Imagine R)每月只需38欧元，而如果不是学生，每月通常需70欧元。
法国留学选校参考标准
一、学校排名
要了解学校，看排名就是其中的第一步，一般都是看学校在法国这里还有世界上大概是什么层次与知名度，这些排名虽然不是一定准确，但还是能够大概的确定学校的定位。如果是想知道学校的排名情况，是看QS等这几个国际排名的。在排名里其实还有很多信息能够体现的，毕竟每一个排名都有不同的侧重点，能看出来的信息是很多的。
二、学校就业率
除了排名的情况以外，学生们对于就业率也都是很关心的，毕竟很多学生在一开始的院校与专业的选择都是在给自己的就业做准备。而在了解就业率的时候，大多是看学校整体就业率怎么样。这些其实也能看排名的，在一些排名里也会把就业率作为其中一个排名的因素。如果想知道学校的就业率怎么样，可以只看排名里就业率这一项内容，就业率高就代表这所学校的实力强。目前还是有一些排名是专门针对于就业率的排名，比如说在QS排名里就有关于学校毕业率的排名情况，在这些排名里都是能够看到法国这些院校有着怎样的就业率的情况。
三、专业的就业率
在每个学校的里，其实都会有自己每个专业比较具体的就业率，在专业的关键词里一般都是会列出这个专业的就业趋势等等信息。如果一个专业的就业率能够有99%，那么就表示这个专业的就业率是很高的了。
四、师资力量
师资力量属于院校的科研实力，这也是学生考察学校实力的一个部分。在师资中会分以及外国教师的数量有多少。
数量是指一个学校里有多少教师。但这个其实得看学校是什么类型，比如说法国工程类的院校，向来都是短而精的特点，所以在这些学校里可能教师跟别的学校没有那么多，但不是说它们的实力就不行。而外国教师主要是留学生必须要注意的，学校的外国教师多，就表示这个学校会有更加多元的文化，学生去读这样的院校会有更好的国际视野。这其实也是体现了学校的国际化程度怎么样。
